402(G). SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY FOR BIOLOGISTS. (1, 4, 3). Theory, specimen preparation, and SEM operation. The completion of an individual project will be required, (Same as GEOL 406 (G) ). Prereq: Senior standing and permission of instructor.

403(G). FUNDAMENTALS OF VIROLOGY. (3, 0, 3). Structure, assay, classification, biochemistry and molecular biology of viruses. Fa.

404(G). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY. (2, 4, 4). Water relations, mineral nutrition, respiration, photosynthesis and light regulation, phytohormones, and movements of plants.

406(G). ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT. (2, 3, 3). The role of the biologist and biology in modern environmental law and its application; environmental impact analysis, the biologist as consultant and activist; laboratory consists of analyses of actual problems facing society and government. Sp. Prereq: BIOL 215.

407(G). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY. (3, 3, 4). Overview of occurrence of pollutants in aquatic and terrestrial environments and the atmosphere, pollutant dynamics and metabolism, and pollutant effects on biota at different organizational levels. Laboratory centers on methodology, instrumentation, and other practical aspects. Prereq: BIOL 101,1 102; CHEM 107. If prerequisites not met, permission of instructor is required.

412(G). CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY. (3, 0, 3). Application of ecological and evolutionary theory to the management of rare and threatened species, communities and ecosystems. Emphasis on human-induced extinctions and loss of biotic diversity. Prereq: BIOL 203, 215.

419(G). INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY. (3, 3, 4). Biology of the invertebrate animals; includes studies of phylogenetic relationships, structure, functional adaptations, and life histories. Laboratory centers on comparative anatomy and taxonomy. Fa. Prereq: BIOL 101,102.

422(G). AQUATIC INSECTS. (2, 2, 3). Taxonomy and ecofogy of aquatic and semiaquatic insects; emphasis on field and laboratory recognition of major aquatic groups in Louisiana. Prereq: BIOL 321.

425(G). DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY. (3, 0, 3). A study of basic embryology, molecular aspects of development, and some model developmental processes including the controls of differentiation, regeneration and pattern formation. Fa. Prereq: 12 hours of BIOL.

426(G). DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LABORATORY. (0, 3, 1). Emphasis on observation and experimentation using embryos of sea urchin, frog and chick plus some study of histological preparations. Fa. Coreq: BIOL 425(G).

433(G). PALEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY. (3, 2, 4). The study of vascular plan evolution from the first occurrence of land plants to Quaternary paleoecology. Emphasis is on plant evolution and paleoecology, theory and method. Mandatory field trip. Prereq: BIOL 202 or permission of instructor.

441(G). LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY. (3, 3, 4). A study of the origins, geology, physics, chemistry, and biological productivity of inland water bodies, estuaries, and oceans. Laboratory centers on methodology, instrumentation, and other practical aspects of freshwater and marine studies; required field trips. Sp. Prereq: BIOL 101, 102, CHEM 108, and MATH 105 or 109, or equivalents.

444(G). FISH CULTURE. (2, 2, 3). Propagation and production of fishes; hatchery techniques; discussion of management of culture ponds, raceways, cages, and tanks; live transport of fish-, fish diseases and parasites; artificial feeding and nutrition of fishes. Field trips to state and private hatcheries and research stations. Prereq: BIOL 101, 103 or permission of instructor.

445(G). ICHTHYOLOGY. (2, 4, 4). Introduction to the study of fishes; includes classification, anatomy, evolution and ecology. Required field trips. Fa, odd-numbered years. Prereq: BIOL 101, 102 or permission of instructor.

447(G). FISHERY SCIENCE. (3, 0, 3). Fish populations and their exploitation; includes discussions of population dynamics, determination of age and growth, and management of pond, lake, reservoir, river, and marine fisheries. Fa, even-numbered years. Prereq: BIOL 101, 102; MATH 105 or 109.

453(G). MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENGINEERING. (3, 3, 4). Fundamental concepts of genetic engineering as they are currently being applied to the development of superior strains of microbes, plants, and animals for use in industry and biomedicine. Sp. Prereq: BIOL 325, 306; CHEM 317. Coreq: BIOL 454. Restr: if prerequisites not met, permission of instructor is required.

454(G). MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENGINEERING LABORATORY. (0, 6, 2). Sp. Coreq: BIOL 453G.

455(G). MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. (3, 0, 3). Structure, function and evolution of biological systems at the molecular level with emphasis on gene structure and regulation. Prereq: 12 hours of BIOL.

457(G). CELL BIOLOGY. (3, 0, 3). Fundamental properties of cells and the functional interrelationships of cell components. The lectures will include a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and research directions in cell biology. Sp. Prereq: 12 hours of BIOL.

458(G). CELL BIOLOGY LABORATORY. (0, 4, 2). Experimentally oriented laboratory exercises in enzyme kinetics, photosynthesis, respiration, fermentation, DNA purification and analyses, unusual nucleotides in the regulation of cellular activity, membrane permeability, and electron microscopy. Sp. Coreq: BIOL 457(G).

461(G). AQUATIC AND WETLAND VASCULAR PLANTS. (2, 4, 4). Identification, ecology, and adaptations of vascular aquatic and wettand plants. The student will explore representative habitats, read scientific literature concerning ecology and adaptations of vascular plants to wet habitats, and learn to identity species of vascular aquatic and wetiand plants. Fa. Prereq: BIOL 202 or permission of instructor.

463(G). PROTISTOLOGY. (2, 4, 4). Morphology, ultrastructure, systematics, ecology, and evolutionary affinities of the motile algae and protozoa. Required field trips.

465(G). MORPHOLOGY OF LAND PLANTS. (2, 4, 4). Morphology, reproductive biology and ecology of terrestrial plants. Terrestrial algae, bryophytes and primitive vascular plants. Prereq: BIOL 202, 204.

480(G). MARINE MICROBIOLOGY. (2, 0, 2). Ecology, function. and physiology of marine microorganisms.

481(G). MARINE MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY. (0, 3, 1). Sampling and culturing of microorganisms from the sea.

485(G). MARINE BOTANY. (2, 6, 4). Study of marine and coastal algae and vascular plants, including classification, morphology, life cycles, and ecology; emphasis on field and laboratory studies. Five weeks at a Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium (LUMCON) laboratory. Su. Prereq: 12 semester hours of biology, including some botany, and permission of the instructor.

487(G). FIELD MARINE ECOLOGY. (2, 6, 4). Relationships of marine and estuarine organisms to environmental factors; interactions among organisms; ecological processes of energy and materials flow; field studies of communities and ecosystems in the Louisiana Coastal zone. Five weeks at a Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium (LUMCON) laboratory. Su. Prereq: General biology, invertebrate or vertebrate zoology, introductory chemistry, and permission of instructor.

488(G). MARINE INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY. (2, 6, 4), General study of the classification, structure, function and ecology of marine and estuarine invertebrates, emphasizing field studies on the Louisiana Gulf Coast and comparative studies in higher salinity environments of adjacent states. Five weeks at a Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium (LUMCON) laboratory and other field sites. Su. Prereq: 8 semester hours of biology.

501. POPULATION GENETICS. (3, 0, 3). Theoretical and empirical approaches to the study of genetics processes in natural populations. Topics include models of selection, inbreeding, and genetic drift as well as methods for the estimation of population genetic parameters,

504. TUTORIAL IN TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, (1-3). Research methods in transmission electron microscopy.

507. MOLECULAR EVOLUTION, (3, 0, 3). Phylogenetic variations in DNA, RNA, proteins, and polysaccharides in plants and animals; genetic basis of evolutionary diversity.

508. COMMUNITY ECOLOGY. (2, 4, 4). Lectures emphasize theories of community organization: trophic energy flow, diffuse competition, species diversity, community stability, succession, island biogeography. Laboratories apply quantitative analyses of community organization, using statistics and computers. Prereq: A course in statistics.

542. EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY. (3, 0, 3). Ecological processes as phenomena that are subject to evolutionary change. Topics include optimality theory, predator-prey interactions, life-history strategies, sexual selection, and sociality. Prereq: A course in statistics.

551-552. GRADUATE SEMINAR I, II. (1, 0, 1 ea.). Variable topic seminar designed to provide experience in proper presentation of scientific papers and in scientific criticism. Topics emphasize current biological problems.

558. EVOLUTION AND ADAPTATION OF THE ARTHROPODS. (2, 4, 4). Studies center on the significance of arthropodization and subsequent adaptations in form and function; convergence and homology are discussed in perspective of modern phylogenetic schemes; habitats and symbiotic relationships are discussed in the course of examining life histories. Laboratory emphasizes morphology, taxonomy, systematic literature, and field studies.

559. SYSTEMATIC METHODS. (2, 4, 4). Lectures emphasize uses and interpretation of various data sources for classification. Laboratories emphasize acquisition of methods and skills such as chromosomal analysis, enzyme electrophoresis, restriction enzyme analysis of nucleic acids, phenetic and cladistic analysis using computer software.

560. ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN BOTANY. (2-6). Research problems in plant science in areas other than that of the student's thesis or dissertation.

561. ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN ZOOLOGY. (2-6). Research problems in zoology in areas other than that of the student's thesis or dissertation.

564. TOPICS IN MARINE SCIENCE. (1-6). Advanced lecture, laboratory and field work on a selected topic in the marine sciences at a coastal laboratory of the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium (LUMCON). Su. Prereq: Permission of advisor and instructor.

565. SPECIAL PROBLEMS IN MARINE SCIENCE, GRADUATE. (2-6). Directed graduate research and study at a coastal laboratory of the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium (LUMCON). Su. Prereq: Permission of advisor and instructor.

575. STATISTICAL ECOLOGY. (3, 3, 4). Lectures cover statistical modeling techniques for population dynamics, spatial patterns, classification and ordination of communities, species abundance relations, community diversity and ecosystem stability. Laboratories cover principles of simulation of ecological systems. Prereq: MATH 250, STAT 427G, BIOL 215 or permission of Instructor. Same as STAT 575.

580. MARINE ECOLOGY. (3, 0, 3). Discussions of basic principles of marine ecology, including productivity, dynamics of populations, factors affecting distribution, and interactions between organisms.

581. ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY 1. (2, 4, 4). Physiological mechanisms of adaptation of animals to physical factors in the environment. Emphasis on organismal responses to light, temperature, oxygen availability, salinity, desiccation, and pressure. Integrated laboratory exercises. Prereq: Permission of instructor.

582. ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY 11. (2, 4, 4). Comparative aspects of regulatory, effector, and sensory physiology. Emphasis on comparative endocrinology and cellular and subcellular mechanisms of adaptation to environmental variability. Integrated laboratory exercises. Prereq: Permission of instructor.

599. THESIS RESEARCH AND THESIS. (1-6).

604. ADVANCED TOPICS IN CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. (3, 0, 3).

605. ADVANCED TOPICS IN ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY. (3, 0, 3).

607. ADVANCED TOPICS IN EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY. (3, 0, 3).

609. BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY. (3, 0, 3). Evolutionary game theory, optimal foraging theory, sexual selection theory, and kin theory.

610. BEHAVORIAL ECOLOGY LABORATORY. (0, 4, 2). Behavorial strategies used by animals during foraging, courting, fighting, and identifying kin as observed during field trips and laboratory experiments.

615. BIOCHEMICAL ADAPTATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT. (3, 0, 3). Modification of basic biochemical structure and function that enable organisms to exist in extreme environments; enzymatic and metabolic adaptation to hypoxia, salinity, temperature, pressure, humidity and light.

670. EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES. (3, 0, 3). In depth consideration of processes of micro- and macroevolution with emphasis on current theoretical debates including the claim of tautology, units of selection, punctuated equilibrium, adaptationism and evolutionary constraints, modes of speciation. Prereq: BIOL 501.

699. DISSERTATION RESEARCH AND DISSERTATION. (1-24).