My research has focused on behavioral and physiological ecology of wintering waterfowl. I am particularly interested in physiological and nutritional ecology of wildlife species, particularly birds. My research efforts integrate laboratory measurements with field observations to determine factors limiting distribution patterns and how animals cope with variable environments. Current studies are attempting to determine environmental cues used by northern pintails to assess remote habitat availability prior to initiation of long-distance movements; waterbird use of hypersaline wetlands in New Mexico and avian osmoregulatory ability when exposed to hypersaline habitats; measuring stress in lesser snow geese; determining the role of metabolic limitations in observed winter distribution patterns; and determination of normal baselines for hematological parameters.